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| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kod- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to put, leave, abandon | face="Times New Roman Star"êëàñòü, îñòàâëÿòü, ïîêèäàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"qod- (Yen., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qod|- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"koj- | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- | face="Times New Roman Star"qoj- (AH, Pav. C., Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo.j- | face="Times New Roman Star"qoj- | face="Times New Roman Star"quz- | face="Times New Roman Star"Goj- | face="Times New Roman Star"Goj- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qoj- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qoj- | face="Times New Roman Star"qoj- | face="Times New Roman Star"qoj- | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- | face="Times New Roman Star"qoj- | face="Times New Roman Star"qoj- | face="Times New Roman Star"qoj- | face="Times New Roman Star"qoj- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qoj- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 274, EDT 595-596, ÝÑÒß 6, 27-28, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 361. The original meaning (observable in most ancient occurrences, see EDT 595) must have been 'to put aside, leave, abandon'; the meaning 'put' appears somewhat later and is probably due to a merger with *Ko- 'to put' (v. sub *ga), not attested before the XIVth century. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ko:jn | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"armpit, bosom | face="Times New Roman Star"ïîäìûøêà, ïàçóõà | face="Times New Roman Star"qojyn (Yen., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qoj (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kojyn | face="Times New Roman Star"qujyn | face="Times New Roman Star"qojyn (AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo.jyn | face="Times New Roman Star"qojyn | face="Times New Roman Star"qoin | face="Times New Roman Star"Gojun | face="Times New Roman Star"Gojun | face="Times New Roman Star"xojyn | face="Times New Roman Star"qojyn | face="Times New Roman Star"qojyn | face="Times New Roman Star"qo:n | face="Times New Roman Star"x@w|v, xu", dial. xu"m | face="Times New Roman Star"xo:j (xon/n/-) | face="Times New Roman Star"konnok | face="Times New Roman Star"xoj |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qojyn | face="Times New Roman Star"qojyn | face="Times New Roman Star"qojyn | face="Times New Roman Star"qujyn | face="Times New Roman Star"qojyn | face="Times New Roman Star"qojnu | face="Times New Roman Star"qojun, qojyn | face="Times New Roman Star"qojyn |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qojyn | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 280, EDT 631, Ëåêñèêà 243-244, ÝÑÒß 6, 26-27, Stachowski 152. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Koju-g | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"thick, saturated | face="Times New Roman Star"òîëñòûé, ãóñòîé | face="Times New Roman Star"qojug| (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qojug| (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"koju | face="Times New Roman Star"qujy |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qujuq | face="Times New Roman Star"qojuq |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Gojy | face="Times New Roman Star"xojyg| | face="Times New Roman Star"qojyg| | face="Times New Roman Star"qoju |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xoju: | face="Times New Roman Star"koju: | face="Times New Roman Star"xojug| | face="Times New Roman Star"xoj ug| | face="Times New Roman Star"quju: | face="Times New Roman Star"qoju | face="Times New Roman Star"qojy | face="Times New Roman Star"qujy |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qoju | face="Times New Roman Star"qoju, quju |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 676, TMN 3, 562, ÝÑÒß 6, 32-33, Stachowski 150. The deriving stem *Koj(u)- 'to become viscous, thick' is attested in Oyr. qoj-, KKalp. qojy-, Khak. xojy-, Tuva xoju- (see ibid.). The reconstruction *Kon/- is proposed in VEWT 276, but is based only on the not quite reliable Tofalar nasalization; the Yakut and OT evidence does not support it. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kol | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 arm 2 hand | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ðóêà (îò ëîêòÿ äî ïëå÷à) 2 ðóêà (êèñòü) | face="Times New Roman Star"qol 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qol 1 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"kol 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qul 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qol 1, 2 (Abush., Sangl., MA, Áîð. Áàä.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qu.l 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qol 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qol 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gol 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gol 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xol 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qol 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qol 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qol 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xol 'shoulder' | face="Times New Roman Star"xol 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kol 'shoulder' | face="Times New Roman Star"xol 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qol 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qol 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qol 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qol 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qul 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qol 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qol 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qol 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qol 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qol 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qol 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 276, EDT 614-5, TMN 3, 556, Äûáî 146-153, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 353, Ëåêñèêà 244-245, ÝÑÒß 6, 37-43, Stachowski 150. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kula- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to wave; jump over 2 to stretch 3 fathom | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ìàõàòü; ïåðåïðûãèâàòü 2 òÿíóòüñÿ 3 ñàæåíü |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qulac? 3 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kulac? 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qolac? 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qula- 2 (Áóä.), qulac? 3 (AH, Áîð. Áàä.), qulaz?| 3 (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qulac? 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"g|ulac? 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qulas?, Golas? 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gulac?, Golaz?| 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gulac? 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"xulas 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qula- 1, qulas? 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|las/ 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"kula:-, kulas-ta- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qulas? 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qulac? 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qulas? 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qulas? 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qolas 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qolac? 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qulas? 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qulas? 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qulac? 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 618, VEWT 298, TMN 3, 487, ÝÑÒß 6, 122, 129-131. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kolan| | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"saddlegirth | face="Times New Roman Star"ïîäïðóãà |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qolan (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kolan |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qolan, qolag| (Pav. C.), qulan (AH) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Golan| | face="Times New Roman Star"xolag| | face="Times New Roman Star"qolag| | face="Times New Roman Star"qolon| |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xolun |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xolaq |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qolan |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 277, Ëåêñèêà 549-550, EDT 622, ÝÑÒß 6, 47-49. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kon- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 neighbour 2 friend, guest | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñîñåä 2 äðóã, ãîñòü | face="Times New Roman Star"qons?y 1, qonaq 2 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qos?ny, qons?y 'neighbour', qonuq 'guest' (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"koms?u 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qons?y (AH), qos?ny (MA) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qu.s?ni, qo|s?ni 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qos?na, xos?na 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gons?u 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gon|s?y 1, Gonaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"xonz?|yx 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|na |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qon|s?u 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qon|sy 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qons?u 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qoms?u 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qons?y 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qon|sy 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xons?u 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 279, EDT 637, 640, ÝÑÒß 6, 56, 66-68. The word is considered to be derived from *Kon- 'to spend a night' ( > Mong. qonu- id., KW 185; see Ùåðáàê 1997, 139, TMN 1, 420, 3, 530, ÝÑÒß 6, 55-56, EDT 632, Stachowski 152). However, further derivation of *Kon- from *Ko- 'to put' (see TMN ibid.) seems highly improbable. External evidence speaks rather in favour of the original meaning "guest, to visit (as a guest)' ( < *'friend, match'), whence "to spend a night, visit, stay" ( = Russ. ãîñòèòü). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kon|ur | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"red-brown, dark brown | face="Times New Roman Star"ðûæåâàòî-áóðûé, òåìíîêîðè÷íåâûé |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qon|ur (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kon|gur , gog|ur (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qon|g|yr | face="Times New Roman Star"qon|ur (IM), qon|g|ur (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qu.n|g|ir |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qon|yr | face="Times New Roman Star"Gonur | face="Times New Roman Star"Gon|ur | face="Times New Roman Star"xo:r |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qon|yr |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|múw|r | face="Times New Roman Star"qon|or |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xo:r |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qon|ur | face="Times New Roman Star"qon|yr | face="Times New Roman Star"qon|yr | face="Times New Roman Star"qun|yr | face="Times New Roman Star"qon|ur | face="Times New Roman Star"qomur |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qon|yr |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qon|ur | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 280-1, TMN 3, 525, EDT 639, ÝÑÒß 6, 62-65. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Konc? | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"top(s) of boots | face="Times New Roman Star"ãîëåíèùå |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"konc? | face="Times New Roman Star"qunyc? | face="Times New Roman Star"qonc? (AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"qu.nz?| | face="Times New Roman Star"qonz?|a | face="Times New Roman Star"qan|c? | face="Times New Roman Star"Gunz?| | face="Times New Roman Star"Gonc? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qos? | face="Times New Roman Star"qonc?, qonyc? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"konz?|a |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xonc?u |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qonc? | face="Times New Roman Star"qonys? | face="Times New Roman Star"qonys? |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qonc? | face="Times New Roman Star"qonc? | face="Times New Roman Star"qonys? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xonc? | face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 6, 58-59, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 308. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kok- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to smell badly, to give out a smell of burning | face="Times New Roman Star"ïëîõî ïàõíóòü, ïàõíóòü ãîðåëûì |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qoq- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kok- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Goxu (n.), Goxu- | face="Times New Roman Star"qoq (n.), qoqa- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qoqy- 'to be fragrant' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qoq- | face="Times New Roman Star"qoqu, qoqy (n.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 609, ÝÑÒß 6, 34. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ko:ry- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to fence, protect | face="Times New Roman Star"çàùèùàòü, çàãîðàæèâàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"qory- (Yen.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qory- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"koru- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qoru- (Ettuhf., Áîð. Áàä.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qu.ri- | face="Times New Roman Star"qoru- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Goru- | face="Times New Roman Star"Go:ry-, Go:ra- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xoru- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qoru- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qory- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qoru- | face="Times New Roman Star"qoru- | face="Times New Roman Star"qoru-, qory- | face="Times New Roman Star"qory- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qoru- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 282, EDT 645-646, Ëåêñèêà 486-487, 575, ÝÑÒß 6, 76-78. Cf. also the derivative *Ko:ry-kan, sometimes confused with *Kur-gan (see under *Kur-). One should also note PT *Kurtgar- 'to rescue', *Kurtul- 'be rescued' (see EDT 649, 650, ÝÑÒß 6, 177-179), which may be a contraction < *Ko:ru-t-gar-, *Ko:ru-t-ul-. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kol/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 pair, couple, one of a couple 2 to join, unite | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïàðà, îäèí èç ïàðû 2 ñîåäèíÿòü(ñÿ) | face="Times New Roman Star"qos?- 2 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qos? 1, qos?- 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kos?- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qus? 1, qus?- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qos? 1, qos?- 2 (AH, Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo.s? 1, qo.s?- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qos? 1, qos?- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qos 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gos?- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gos? 'a couple of oxen', Gos?- 'to add' | face="Times New Roman Star"xos 1, xos- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qos?- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xos?- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"xos 'double; again', xohuj- 2, xoho:n 'poem' | face="Times New Roman Star"koho:n 'poem' | face="Times New Roman Star"qos?- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qo's?- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qos? 1, qos?- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qos 1, qos- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qos 1, qos- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qywys? 1, qus?- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qos?- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qos?- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qos? 1, qos?- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qos 1, qos- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qos? 1, qos?- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qos?- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 283; EDT 670, Ëåêñèêà 611, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 375, ÝÑÒß 6, 90-94, Stachowski 150. Turk. > MMong. (HY) qos?i, WMong. qos, Kalm. xos? 'pair' (KW 189, TMN 3, 364, Clark 1980, 41, 42, Ùåðáàê 1997, 142). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 hoar-frost 2 thin snow | face="Times New Roman Star"1 èíåé 2 òîíêèé ñíåã | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrag|u 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrag|u 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kyrag|u 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw 1, qyrpaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw (Áîð. Áàä., Abush.), qirau, qirag|u (Pav. C.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qiro|w 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qija, qira, qiro 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gyrow 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gyraw 1, Gyrpaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"xro 1, xyrbyx 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyra: 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"quru 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"x@rb@x 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kyrya 1, ky:rpax, kyrpaj 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kyrya 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xyra: 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyro: 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw 1, qyrpaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw 1, qyrpaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw 1, qyrpaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qrau 1, qyrpaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qra: 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw, qoruw 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw 1, qyrpaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 265-266, 267, EDT 656, ÝÑÒß 6, 230-231, 241, Stachowski 169. Turk. > MMong. (HY) kira'u, WMong. kirag|u, Khalkha x/aru: 'hoar-frost' etc. (see Doerfer TMN 3, 569, Ùåðáàê 1997, 138, Clark 1977, 147, although the latter's derivation of *kyragu < *kyr 'grey' is hardly acceptable). Cf. also PT *Kyr-lac? 'the coldest time of winter' (see ÝÑÒß 6, 237-238). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ku:tur/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 mad, enraged 2 to become mad, rage 3 to instigate 4 instigation | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñóìàñøåäøèé, áåøåíûé 2 ñõîäèòü ñ óìà, áûòü â áåøåíñòâå 3 ïîäñòðåêàòü 4 ïîäñòðåêàòåëüñòâî | face="Times New Roman Star"qutur- 2 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qutuz 1, qutur- 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kuduz 1, kudur- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qotoroq 4, qotyr- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qutuz 1 (Ettuhf., Áîð. Áàä.), qutur- 2 (Ettuhf.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qutur- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qutu(r)- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Guduz 1, Gudur- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"Guduz 1, Gu:dura- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|dúw|r 'boaster', xúw|dúw|r- 'to curse'; kúdúr- 2 ( < Tat.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qutur- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qutur- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qutyr- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qutyr- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qotort- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"quduz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qutur- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qutyr- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qutur- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 305, EDT 605, 608, ÝÑÒß 6, 103-105. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kudruk | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"tail | face="Times New Roman Star"õâîñò | face="Times New Roman Star"qudruq (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qud|ruq (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kujruk | face="Times New Roman Star"qojryq | face="Times New Roman Star"qujruq, qujrug| (Pav. C., MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"qujruq | face="Times New Roman Star"qujruq | face="Times New Roman Star"Guzuruq | face="Times New Roman Star"GujruG | face="Times New Roman Star"Gujruq | face="Times New Roman Star"xuzurux | face="Times New Roman Star"quzuruq | face="Times New Roman Star"qujruq | face="Times New Roman Star"qurduq | face="Times New Roman Star"xu"re | face="Times New Roman Star"kuturuk | face="Times New Roman Star"kuturuk | face="Times New Roman Star"quduruq | face="Times New Roman Star"quduruq | face="Times New Roman Star"qujruq | face="Times New Roman Star"qu_jryq | face="Times New Roman Star"qujryq | face="Times New Roman Star"qojroq | face="Times New Roman Star"qujruq | face="Times New Roman Star"qujruq | face="Times New Roman Star"qurjux | face="Times New Roman Star"qujryq | face="Times New Roman Star"Gurux| | face="Times New Roman Star"qujruq | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 296b, EDT 604, Ëåêñèêà 145, ÝÑÒß 6, 114-117, Stachowski 163. Cf. also MK qud|urg|un 'tail strap' (Ëåêñèêà 553). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kud- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to pour out (water) 2 to pour 3 well | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ëèòü 2 ñûïàòü 3 êîëîäåö | face="Times New Roman Star"qud- 1 (OUigh.), qudug| 3 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1 (MK), qud|ug| 3 (MK, QB) | face="Times New Roman Star"kuju 3, qujy 3 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qoj- 1, 2, qojy 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1 (Sangl.), qujy 3 (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"quz- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Guju 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"Guj- 1, 2, Gujy 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"xus- 1, 2 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"quspaq 'áîëüøîé òóåñ' (?) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xyv- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kut- 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qut- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qut-/d- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1, 2, qujy 3 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1, 2, qujy 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qoj- 1, 2, qojy 3 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1, 2, quju 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"quju 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1, quju 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1, 2, qujy 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1 quju 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 296, EDT 596, 598, ÝÑÒß 2000, 109-111, 119-120, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 102, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 379. The root contained undoubtedly *-d-, but variants with *-j- are attested unusually early. Turk. > MMong. g|uduh (SH), WMong. qudug| (whence backwards > Turkm. Guduk, Uygh. quduq, Khak. xutux etc.), see EDT ibid., KW 194, Ùåðáàê 1997, 143, TMN 1, 395-396, Stachowski 162. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kula | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"light yellow, brown | face="Times New Roman Star"æåëòûé, ñàâðàñûé | face="Times New Roman Star"qula (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qula (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kula | face="Times New Roman Star"qola | face="Times New Roman Star"qula (AH, Houts.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qula | face="Times New Roman Star"qula | face="Times New Roman Star"qula |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qula | face="Times New Roman Star"xula |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qula |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|la |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qula |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qula | face="Times New Roman Star"qula | face="Times New Roman Star"qula | face="Times New Roman Star"qola |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qula |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qula |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qula | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 617, VEWT 298, ÝÑÒß 6, 121-122. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kul-kak | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"ear | face="Times New Roman Star"óõî | face="Times New Roman Star"qulqaq (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq, qulqaq, qulxaq (MK), qulaq, qulg|aq (KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"kulak | face="Times New Roman Star"qolaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq (MA), qulag| (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qulo|q | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"GulaG | face="Times New Roman Star"Gulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"xulax | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|lg|a | face="Times New Roman Star"kulga:k | face="Times New Roman Star"kulga:k | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qolaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qulax | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"Gulax| | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 298, EDT 620, Ëåêñèêà 204-205, ÝÑÒß 6, 124-127, Stachowski 160. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kum | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"sand | face="Times New Roman Star"ïåñîê | face="Times New Roman Star"qum (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qum (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kum | face="Times New Roman Star"qom | face="Times New Roman Star"qum (Pav. C., MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum, qom | face="Times New Roman Star"Gum | face="Times New Roman Star"Gum | face="Times New Roman Star"xum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|m | face="Times New Roman Star"kumax | face="Times New Roman Star"kumak | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"xum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qu_m | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qom | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"Gum |
| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 299, EDT 625, Ëåêñèêà 102, ÝÑÒß 6, 133-134, Stachowski 160. Turk. > WMong. qum, Kalm. xum 'sand' (KW 196; TMN 3, 508), Hung. homok (Gombocz 1912). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kun-da- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to swaddle 2 swaddlingclothes | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïåëåíàòü 2 ïåëåíêè |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kundak 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qontyq 2 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qondaq 2 (R.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qu.ndo|q 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qondaq 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"GundaG 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gunda- 1, Gundaq 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qyndaq 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qundaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qundaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qundaq 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qundaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyndaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qundaq 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qunnaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 301, ÝÑÒß 6, 144-146. |
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
